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In this article, you will learn how to activate windows. Permanently activate windows 7,8,8.1,10 all versions without installing any harmful software or key. 100% legal way to activate your windows. Do not use KMS Activator to activate any Windows versions (Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10). This is a genuine way to activate windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10. This is a legal way to activate your windows without using any product key. 

Windows Activated Successfully

Windows All Version:

• Windows-XP  
• Windows-7
• Windows-8
• Windows-8.1
• Windows-10

FOLLOW MY SETUP

1. Open the web browser.
2. Type the bit.ly/windowstxt.
3. Copy all the text (Ctrl+C).
4. Open a new text document.
5. Paste the copy text (Ctrl+V).
6. Save as file in any name (Example: Windows.cmd) but
    when you complete typing the file name add (.cmd) then press save button.
    Example: If you type the file name  Windows
   Then the complete file name is Windows.cmd
7. Windows text file Run as administrator.
8. Wait for a few minutes and windows activate automatically.

windows permanently activated

windows activated permanently

When you complete the process, you can see that product activate successfully.

Windows Activate TXT File Link: https://get.msguides.com/windows-10-8.1-8-7.txt

Click the below link to visit get.msguides official site --------

Click Here

Note: If you have face any Problem When you follow these processes to activate your Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10, please connect the Internet and must be remembered your Computer Windows Defender is off. If you are using any others Anti Virus, Turn off the Anti Virus and continue the same process.

यदि आपको अपने विंडोज 7, 8, 8.1, 10 को सक्रिय करने के लिए इन प्रक्रियाओं का सामना करने में कोई समस्या है, तो कृपया इंटरनेट कनेक्ट करें और याद रखें कि आपका कंप्यूटर विंडोज डिफेंडर बंद है। यदि आप किसी अन्य एंटी वायरस का उपयोग कर रहे हैं, तो एंटी वायरस को बंद करें और उसी प्रक्रिया को जारी रखें।  

Check Voter Identity Card Details Online

Check Voter Identity Card Details Online

What is a Voter ID card?

Check Voter Identity Card Details Online Click View Details

Step by Step Process to search for your Voter ID Card online-

Click here to visit Electoral Search Official Website

Check Voter Card Online | Get Voter Card Details

Check Voter Identity Card Details Online | Voter ID Card Details | Voter Online Pariseva

• Less server interaction: You can validate user input before sending the page off to the server. This saves server traffic, which means less load on your server.
• Immediate feedback to the visitors: They don't have to wait for a page reload to see if they have forgotten to enter something.
• Increased interactivity: You can create interfaces that react when the user hovers over them with a mouse or activates them via the keyboard.
• Richer interfaces: You can use JavaScript to include such items as drag and drop components and sliders to give a Rich Interface to your site visitors.

Virtual Memory Management Technique

Virtual Address Translation

Virtual Address Translation

Segmented Memory Management Technique

• Segment descriptor table contains the physical address of the start of the segment called the base address.

Virtual Memory Address Translation

• Central Processor Unit
• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit

Central Processor Unit (CPU), Input, Output, and Memory unit

• The program control unit has a set of registers and control circuits to generate control signals.
• The execution unit or data processing unit contains a set of registers for storing data and an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) for execution of arithmetic and logical operations.

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present):

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip. In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began

to use microprocessors. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

Fifth Generation (1980):
The period of fifth-generation is the 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and methods of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net, etc., are used in this generation.

generations of computer

generations of computer short description with list

Von Neumann Architecture

Von Neumann Architecture

memory, decodes it and executes the same. At the end of the execution of the current instruction, it fetches the next instruction and the cycle continues till the job is finished.

The key features of Von Neumann architecture are as follows:

The computer reads the instruction set from the outside world through the input device.

The memory gets them through the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and stores them within.

The Control Unit of CPU fetches one instruction at a time from the memory to the ALU, analyses it, and fetches required data.

ALU executes the instruction, stores result back to memory if required.

To give an output, the content from ALU is given to output device.

Control Unit of CPU controls all operations. It executes instructions in sequential order unless the effect of the instruction is to change the sequence of instructions.

It can be well observed that there is a single path between memory and ALU. Each instruction and operand need to be fetched from memory. Intermediate results are also needed to be stored in memory. This path between the memory and the ALU is kept busy almost every moment. Being a single path it is very critical. This path is called the bottleneck of the Von Neumann architecture. The Von Neumann machines are termed as Institute of Advanced Systems (IAS) machine or Princeton Machine by some authors. This is because the design of the system was done in Institute of Advanced Systems (IAS) at Princeton University, USA. Very few computers have a pure Von Neumann architecture. Most computers add another step to check for interrupts, electronic events that could occur at any time. Interrupts let a computer do other things while it waits for events.

Drawback:

Von Neumann computers spend a lot of time moving data to and from the memory, and this slows the computer (this problem is called von Neumann bottleneck) so, engineers often separate the bus into two or more busses, usually one for instructions, and the other for data.

Harvard Architecture

The Harvard architecture is computer architecture with physically separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data. The term originated from the

Harvard Mark I relay-based computer, which stored instructions on punched tape (24 bits wide) and data in electro-mechanical counters. These early machines had

limited data storage, entirely contained within the central processing unit, and provided no access to the instruction storage as data. Programs needed to be loaded by an operator, the processor could not boot itself.

Harvard Architecture

In Harvard architecture, there is no need to make the two memories share characteristics. In particular, the word width, timing, implementation technology, and memory address structure can differ. In some systems, instructions can be stored in read-only memory while data memory generally requires read-write memory.

The Harvard architecture uses physically separate memories for their instructions and data, requiring dedicated buses for each of them. Instructions and operands can therefore be fetched simultaneously. Different program and data bus widths are possible, allowing program and data memory to be better optimized to the architectural requirements. E.g.: If the instruction format requires 14 bits then program bus and

memory can be made 14-bit wide, while the data bus and data memory remain 8-bit wide.

Difference between Von Neumann and Harvard Architecture.

Von Neumann and Harvard Architecture Difference