Introduction of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) - CodeTextPro

 Introduction of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

MANET stands for Mobile Adhoc Network also called a wireless Adhoc network or Adhoc wireless network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network.. They consist of a set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self-configured, self-healing network without having a fixed infrastructure. MANET nodes are free to move randomly as the network topology changes frequently. Each node behaves as a router as they forward traffic to other specified nodes in the network.

MANET may operate in a standalone fashion or they can be part of larger internet. They form a highly dynamic autonomous topology with the presence of one or multiple different transceivers between nodes. The main challenge for the MANET is to equip each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. MANETs consist of a peer-to-peer, self-forming, self-healing

network MANET’s circa 2000-2015 typically communicate at radio frequencies (30MHz-5GHz). This can be used in road safety, ranging from sensors for the environment, home, health, disaster rescue operations, air/land/navy defense, weapons, robots, etc.

Characteristics of MANET –

1. Dynamic Topologies:

Network topology which is typically multihop may change randomly and rapidly with time, it can form unidirectional or bi-directional links.

2. Bandwidth constrained, variable capacity links:

Wireless links usually have lower reliability, efficiency, stability, and

capacity as compared to a wired network.

3. Autonomous Behavior:

Each node can act as a host and router, which shows its autonomous

behavior.

4. Energy Constrained Operation:

As some or all the nodes rely on batteries or other exhaustible means for their energy. Mobile nodes are characterized by less memory, power, and lightweight features.

5. Limited Security:

Wireless networks are more prone to security threats. A centralized

firewall is absent due to the distributed nature of the operation for

security, routing, and host configuration.

6. Less Human Intervention:

They require minimum human intervention to configure the network,

therefore they are dynamically autonomous in nature.

Pros and Cons of MANET –

Pros:

1. Separation from central network administration.

2. Each node can play both the roles ie. of router and host showing

autonomous nature.

3. Self-configuring and self-healing nodes do not require human

intervention.

Cons:

1. Resources are limited due to various constraints like noise, interference conditions, etc.

2. Lack of authorization facilities.

3. More prone to attacks due to limited physical security.

Types of MANET in Computer Network

MANET stands for Mobile adhoc Network also called as wireless adhoc network or adhoc wireless network. They consist of a set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self-configured, self-healing network without having a fixed infrastructure. MANET nodes are free to move randomly as the network topology changes frequently.

Types of MANET –

1. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs) –

Enable effective communication with another vehicle or with the roadside equipments. Intelligent vehicular ad hoc networks (InVANETs) deals with another vehicle or with roadside equipments.

2. Smart Phone Ad hoc Network (SPANC) –

To create peer-to-peer networks without relying on cellular carrier

networks, wireless access points, or traditional network infrastructure. Here peers can join or leave the network without destroying it.

3. Internet based Mobile Ad hoc Network (iMANETs) –

It supports internet protocols such as TCP/UDP and IP. To link mobile nodes and establish routes distributed and automatically.

4. Hub-Spoke MANET:

Multiple sub MANET’s may be connected in hub-spoke VPN to create a geographically distributed MANET. Normal Ad-hoc routing algorithm does not apply directly.

5. Military or Tactical MANETs –

This is used by the military units. Emphasis on data rate, real-time

demand, fast re-routing during mobility, security, radio range, etc.

6. Flying Ad hoc Network (FANETs) –

This is composed of unmanned aerial vehicles (commonly known as

drones). Provides links to remote areas and mobility.